

Also subscribe to my new YouTube channel. To support my work, subscribe to my BitChute channel. 48.3 enabling technologies.HEK - Hazardous Environment Kit He also appreciates Munsang Kim for his leading projects that have produced many of research achievements related to Sect. Sungchul Kang ackowledges Changhyun Cho, Woosub Lee, Dongsuk Ryu at KIST, Korea for their providing valuable documents and pictures. Hamel would like to acknowledge the US Department of Energyʼs Robotics Crosscutting Program and all of his colleagues at the national laboratories and universities for many years of dealing with remote hazardous operations, and all of his collaborators at the Field Robotics Center at Carnegie Mellon University, particularly James Osborn, who were pivotal in developing ideas for future telerobots. Hirose, Scanjack, Way Industry, and Total Marine Systems for providing photographs. James Trevelyan acknowledges Surya Singh for detailed suggestions on the original draft, and would also like to thank the many unnamed mine clearance experts who have provided guidance and comments over many years, as well as Prof. Fire fighting, rescue operations, removing high-level nuclear contamination, reactor decommissioning, tunneling through rock falls, and most landmine and unexploded ordnance problems still present many unsolved problems. Most hazardous applications lie far beyond the frontier, although researchers managed to establish some limited inroads by the turn of the 21st century. Even with the typical tenfold reduction in manipulation performance imposed by the limits of todayʼs telepresence and teleoperation technology, robots usually offer a more cost-effective solution. Just inside this border lie teleoperated robots for explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and for underwater engineering work.

Technology that specialized engineering companies can develop and sell without active help from researchers marks the frontier of feasibility. Hazards may be present in the form of radiological or toxicity dangers to potential explosions. Hazardous environments present special challenges for the accomplishment of desired tasks depending on the nature and magnitude of the hazards.

Researchers still have many challenges ahead of them but there has been remarkable progress in some areas. Robotics researchers have worked hard to realize a long-awaited vision: machines carrying people from burning buildings or tunneling through collapsed rock falls to reach trapped miners.
